Gross margin measures profitability after deducting direct production costs. Formula: Gross Margin = (Revenue - COGS) / Revenue x 100. With $200,000 in revenue and $80,000 in COGS, gross margin is 60%. In e-commerce, a gross margin of 50-70% is common. It's the foundation for funding marketing, salaries, and R&D. A gross margin that's too low limits your capacity to invest.
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